In addition to medical, security and other uses, X-ray is also widely used in industry, especially in the production and manufacturing of electronic products such as smart devices and digital terminals. For example, it can perform perspective inspection on some capacitors, circuits in mobile phones, fuses, ports in TVs, and switches of some parts. It can clearly show internal faults through black-and-white images, Therefore, X-ray can easily solve the position that is not easy to be detected by traditional optical detection, providing guarantee for improving product yield.
So what principle does the X-ray detection equipment used for industrial product perspective use to detect? In fact, there are extremely tortuous stories in this process. We should thank the several scientists who discovered X-ray. The simplest way to generate x-rays is to hit a metal target with accelerated electrons. During the impact, the electrons suddenly decelerate, and the kinetic energy lost (1% of it) will be released in the form of photons, forming a continuous part of the X-ray spectrum, which is called braking radiation. By increasing the acceleration voltage, the energy carried by the electrons increases, and it is possible to knock out the inner electrons of the metal atoms. Then, holes are formed in the inner layer, and the electrons in the outer layer jump back to the inner layer to fill the holes, while emitting photons with a wavelength of about 0.1 nm. Since the energy emitted by the outer electronic transition is quantized, the wavelength of the emitted photons is also concentrated in some parts, forming the characteristic lines in the x-spectrum, which is called characteristic radiation. In industry, X-ray tubes are used to emit X-rays.
